Wireless Body Area Networks Thesis

Nowadays, smart health is becoming a very important and challenging domain with a huge probability for modern global-level WBAN health applications. It is a purely data-intensive service with two major essentials are Data Sensing and Learning. These two essentials have a great impact on intelligent gathering and analyzing health records.  This article is intended to reveal the innovations in the current Wireless Body Area Networks Thesis with its best research topics!!!

For instance: In order to improve the quality of sensed medical image/signal, advanced techniques (learning) have to be used in sensing array to assemble the information for the further analysis process. In such cases, we can use non-intrusive multi-modal approaches and machine learning-based multi-modal approaches. However, these two essential mechanisms have some technical issues particularly in the point of intersection. 

What is meant by a wireless body area network?

A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the individual network of medical sensors and actuators for clinical treatment and prognosis. The sensors are placed inside and outside the human body to screen the continuous health state of the patient. In general, these sensors and the human body are linked up together with wireless communication technologies by considering the following features for effective analysis. 

• Mobility
• Power Utilization
• Network Bandwidth
• Communication IPs
• Transmission Range
• Security / Encryption 
• Authentication Mechanisms
• Various Frequency Bands

WBAN Communication Standards 

In WBAN, the communication standard used for the low current and short-range is IEEE 802.15.6. It is commonly used in numerous in-bodies and out-bodies area networks applications/services. And, it also supports other kinds of various communications as follows,  

• Human Body Communication (HBC)
• Ultra-wideband (UNB)
• Narrowband (NB)
• Insteon
  • Bit rate –13kbps
  • Frequency Band – 131.65 KHz (power line) and 902 to 924 MHz
  • Network Structure – Mesh
  • Coverage Range – Home Area (in meter)
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – Unknown
• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
  • Bit rate – 1mbps
  • Frequency band – 2.4 GHz 1SM
  • Network Structure – Star 
  • Coverage Range – 10 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – TDMA + PH
• Z-Wave
  • Bit rate – 9.6kbps 
  • Frequency Band – 900MHz 1SM
  • Network Structure – Mesh
  • Coverage Range –30 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – Unknown
• Bluetooth 3.0 in High Speed
  • Bit rate – 3-24mbps
  • Frequency Band – 2.4 GHz ISM
  • Network Structure – Star
  • Coverage Range -10 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – FH+ CSMA/TDMA (Wi-Fi)
• ANT
  • Bit rate – 1mbps
  • Frequency Band – 2.4 GHz ISM
  • Network Structure – Star/Mesh
  • Coverage Range – local area (in meter)
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – TDMA
• UWB (ECMA – 368)
  • Bit rate – 480mbps
  • Frequency Band – 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
  • Network Structure – Star
  • Coverage Range – <10 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – TDMA/CSMA
• RunBee (IEEE 1902.1)
  • Bit rate – 9.6kbps
  • Frequency Band –131 KHz
  • Network Structure – Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
  • Coverage Range – 30 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism –Unknown
• RFID (ISO/IEC 18000-6)
  • Bit rate – 10-100kbps
  • Frequency Band – 860 to 960 MHz
  • Network Structure – Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
  • Coverage Range – 1 to 100 (in meter)
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – Binary tree / Slotted Aloha
• ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4)
  • Bit rate –250kbps
  • Frequency Band – ISM
  • Network Structure – Mesh or Star
  • Coverage Range – 30 to 100 meter
  • Multiple Access Mechanism – CSMA

Further, if you want more information on WBAN advancement, make a bond with us. Since we have developed an infinite number of projects in WBAN through smart resource teams from different parts of the world. So, we have sufficient updates in all recent WBAN research areas with their high-demanding innovative Wireless Body Area Networks Thesis topics. For your information, we have given you how the pulse data is fetched from sensors and how they are processed in different layers to yield the final outcome. Let’s see: 

Typical Layout of WBAN 

• Internet of Things layer
  • Sense the pulse data
  • Gather the data through different implanted sensors and variables 
  • Pre-process the collected data and remove unwanted data on the device itself
• Fog layer for Distributed Computing
  • Distribute the data to the nearer fog node in fog layers
• Communication Layer
  • Supported Technologies: ZigBee, BLE, 6LoWPAN, Wi-Fi, NB-IoT and more
  • Distribute the data between deployed devices and processor and again do the same process in reverse i.e., vice-versa 
  • Ensure the data security and integrity during distribution with greater reliability and lower delay 
• Processing Layer
  • Extract the essential feature from pre-processed data 
  • Generate the warnings if required
  • Analyze the data in large volume
  • Store the data in the database in full security

Next, we can see some wireless body areas challenges still looking for the best solutions to be solved. These are issues has less attention among scholars because of its complication. So, it is a good opportunity for scholars to uplift their research weightage on selecting the topics related to these areas.

WBAN Research Issues 

• Issues regarding usage of health applications and service in mobility
• Inconvenience in assuring security and confidentiality of the sensitive health info
• Yielding precise results for assisting physicians to take effective decisions
• Challenges in real-world deployment, computing complexity, result accuracy, efficiency (in classification), and many more. 
• Maintaining the real-world medical electronic records in deployed health applications

Key Enabling Technologies of WBAN 

In spite of issues, the WBAN has gained incredible attention in the medical research field for constantly creating new innovations in IoMT. In this, the heterogeneous data analysis and storage capabilities are improved by using learning approaches and distributed computing services. Further, we have also included the latest Wireless Body Area Networks Thesis topics for your knowledge.

PhD / MS Thesis Topics in WBAN 

• Cloud-based WBAN in smart health informatics system 
• Affordable Healthcare Applications and Services
• Real-time Implementation of WBAN Solutions 
• Privacy and Security Issues in WBAN 
• Embedded Equipment Model and Development 
• Blockchain-enabled Medical Information Security 
• Dynamic Communication in Human Body
• Machine learning approaches for Internet of Medical Things
• Deep learning-based Energy-Aware Data Analytics in IoMT
• Real-world applications for Wearable/Implanted devices
• Flexible wearable sensors for medical diagnosis 
• WBAN antenna/channel modeling and characterization
• Advanced IoMT applications for resource-constrained medical sensors

No matter what topic you are choosing, the matter is what techniques and algorithms you are choosing for solving the problem. Since it showcases your ability and smart moves in solving complicated problems. So, we will help you to select the appropriate solutions for your handpicked topic. Further, we also create our own innovative models, algorithms, and architecture for your research topic in WBAN if there is a need. Some of the techniques for WBAN development are given below,

Methodologies for WBAN 

• Chaotic systems
• Artificial Life / A-Life
• Probabilistic Rough Sets
• Deep Neural Learning 
• Optimization Algorithms
• Evolutionary Algorithms
• Artificial Immune Systems (AIS)
• Fuzzy Set and Logics 
• Computational Mechanisms
• Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

Next, we can see the performance metrics used for the WBAN projects to evaluate the working and behavior of the developed system. These are metrics are suitable for bringing out the actual efficiency of the system.  

Simulation Parameters of WBAN 

• Jitter – <50 ms
• Number of Devices– 6 to 256
• Data Transfer Rate – 10 Kb/s to 10Mb/s
• Setup Time – < 3s (add and delete)
• Intra-Coexistence – 10 WBANs (6x6x6 m volume)
• Network Structure – bidirectional link and one/two-hope star 
• Delay – <250 ms (for non-health data) and <125 ms (for health data) 
• Range – 3 m along with minimum bit rate (for IEEE Channel)
• Dependability – <10 ms (for applications) and <1 s (for alarm)
• PER – <10% along with 95% link POS over the whole network channel
• Inter-Coexistence – Short-range Communication Environs (Such as: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.) 
• Power Utilization – >9h (constantly ON + 50 mAh battery) and >1 year (1% LDC + 500 mAh battery)  

For illustration purposes, we have taken four key metrics that are used in the majority of the WBAN applications/systems for assessing the performance. In the following, we mentioned what exactly these metrics measures with their purposes. 

How WBAN performance is measured? 

• End-to-End Latency:
  • It measures the total time taken by packets to reach the destination from the source.
  • It will vary each time based on traffic in the channel so we need to calculate the time for each and every packet and then make an average to find the actual delay.
• Throughput:
  • It measures the number of successful packets delivered to the destination 
  • And, it depicts the ratio between the number of packets passed/generated in the source and the number of packets acknowledged in the destination 
  • Also, it states in percentage the ratio of Packet 

• Delivery:
  • It is the same as throughput which measures the ratio of the number of packets in source and destination. 
  • Also, the packet length is represented in Mbps or Kbps.
• Jitter:
  • It measures the differences in the packet delivery since all packets do not have the same delay.

So far, we have discussed the research and development viewpoints, now we can see the Wireless Body Area Networks Thesis writing. Since it is equally important two R&D phases describe the capabilities and competence to do the research work in a chain of valuable words. Here, our native writers have given you some important steps that we follow in writing the “perfect” thesis.

How do we write PhD / MS Thesis? 

• At first, we collect the requirements of the thesis from you 
• Then, you get the price for your thesis and do the payment process
• Next, we assign the team of writers and experts for your thesis development
• After that, our team complete your thesis in the stipulated time and submit the rough draft to you
• Next, you verify that we meet your expectation in all aspects of the thesis
• Further, we are ready to revise the thesis based on your add-on recommendations (if applicable and necessary) 
• At last, we submit the final draft to you after your satisfaction.

Overall, we serve you in research, code development, and wireless body area networks thesis writing along with publication service. Further, if you want to more about our delivery services in the PhD study then communicate with us. 

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