Long Term Evolution LTE Simulator

The term LTE stands for Long Term Evolution, which is an effective technique that improves the extreme performance of a network, particularly in the limitations of air. It is widely used for the purpose of cellular communications. It is used in mobile networks also to enhance the speed of data transmission and to enable fast browsing. Comparing to its previous generation networks like 2G and 3G, the LTE can be implemented in the 4G and in the future of the Internet, 5G network.

“This article discusses the importance of the LTE network, its research purposes and it displays our experimental experiences in the LTE simulator and through this article, we share with you some important aspects of the LTE simulator from the research point of view!!”

Advantages of LTE simulator

• Affords 10 times better internet connection than the previous generation networks in all wireless network devices 
• Incorporates the heterogeneous conditions in the spectrum allocation methods, user mobility, femtocell accessing policies, and in macrocells to ensure technical capabilities

The above uses are the common advantages of the LTE simulator. The LTE network is better known for its fast internet connectivity and incredibly fast data transmission. Here are our experimental modules of the LTE simulator. 

Important modules in LTE simulators

• NS3: it is an innovative module for the LTE simulator, as it is improved in mobility according to the user needs. It focuses on the features of MAC and PHY layers in a network channel and shoe peculiar attention to model the E-UTRA pat of the system. 
• SimuLTE: it is a system-level module of LTE based on OMNeT++ library to enable D2D communication controlled by the network. 

The above-mentioned modules are our sample modules for research purposes. Other than these, we have numerous modules to provide results by analysing various simulating conditions. Here we provide you our important classes of LTE simulators.

Important Properties of LTE simulator classes

• RadioBearerStatsConnector: Generally the users don’t prefer this class as it automatically connects the RadioBearerStatsCalculator to track the apt sinks. It is majorly used to gather the data from the PDCD and RLC.
• InternetQueue: This class transfers the data packet on a particular bandwidth by using the packet queuing techniques.

To be precise, there are limited classes available for the LTE simulator. To the best of our knowledge, our engineering team is in an effort to design new types of modules to perform simulations over various conditions. Here are our familiar programming languages for your reference.

Important Programming languages

• OMNeT++ – C++, network file
• NS3 – C++, TCL

These are programming languages, which we used commonly to simulate the LTE network. Apart from this, we are trying to implement other programming languages in the LTE simulator. The following are the Supporting OS in the LTE simulator.

Supporting OS for LTE simulator

System capacity

• Intel® Pentium(R) CPU G2030 @ 3.00GHz × 2 // Processor 
• 4 GB // RAM 
• 32-bit OS // System Type

And the supporting tools are – 

• Cooja-2.7 
• NS -3.26
• OMNeT++ – 4.6

Operating Systems are generally important to implement any simulator over any desired network. The mentioned OS should be implemented over the above version of the network system for effective simulation. In addition to the supporting OS, we provide you the protocols for the LTE simulator.

Important Protocol and its Functions

RRC ( Radio Resource Control) protocol 

It is a third layer protocol used among the user equipment and the base station. The messages of RRC are transmitted through the PDCP protocol. It is detailed in TS 36.331 by 3GPP in LTE. The main function of the RRC protocol involve

• Releasing outer loop power control
• Paging notification
• Mobility procedures of RRC connection
• Release and reconfiguration
• Establishing radio bearers 
• System information broadcasting
• Establishing connections and releasing functions

RLC (Radio Link Control) Protocol 

It is placed above the layer of 3GPP MAC and underneath the PDCP. It belongs to the Layer 2 Radio Link protocol of air interface that is detailed in LTE by TS 36.322. The duties of this protocol are to transmit upper layer PDU in any of the following modes like 

• The Transparent Mode (TM)
• The Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
• Acknowledged Mode (AM)

The functions of RLC are

• Detecting and recovering the Protocol errors
• Re-establishing RLC
• Dumping RLC SDU (UM and AM)
• Detecting duplicates (UM and AM)
• Rearranging RLC data PDUs (UM and AM)
• Re-splitting RLC data PDUs (AM)
• Reconvening, segmenting the RLC SDUs (UM and AM)
• ARQ error correction (for AM data transmission)

The above-mentioned protocols are the wide known protocols for the functions of simulation. Still, there are other protocols available for the LTE simulation but with lower efficiency. In addition to the above lists and functions of protocols, we provide you the subject used in the LTE simulator

Notable subjects used in LTE simulator

• WBAN: this subject can be considered as a technology hopeful solution, suggested by 3GPP of LPWAN and it is a type of LTE Cat technology subject, widely known as enhanced machine-type communication and also as LTE-M or LTE Cat M of wireless networks. the components of WBAN in the medical environment are

• Source cell
• Medical sensor device
• Base station
• Health data communication
• Underwater Sensor Network: With the help of the system ranking of the sensor networks on the basis of the AUV linear system, we can frame a real-time underwater sensor network, processing LTE with different protocols at diverse links to perform effective acoustic communication. The process of underwater sensor network involves
  • Establishing data by the user to the network control center
  • Transmitting the data via Cellular Network (GPRS, GSM, CDMA, LTE, IEEE 802.16), etc.
  • Passing the data from the sink node to the sensor node through AUV
  • Data received by the Sensor node

The above-mentioned subjects are given for example to denote their major uses in the LTE simulator. In case of research purpose, we can introduce you to various subjects. Here are the result analytics parameters of the LTE simulator.

Experimental study on LTE simulator 

• Hop count: calculates the no. of hops performed by the router to transmit data in the given route path among the source and destination and it is calculated in the unit of numbers.
• No. of Handover: estimates the number of handovers taken place in the network that includes both the important and unwanted handover, which computes in terms of number.
• Efficiency: calculates the impact of the information interchanged in an LTE network and it is measured in terms of percentage

The mentioned parameters are considered as the important parameters used by the simulator to analyze the performance of the network. In addition to the experimental study of the LTE simulator, we provide you the subject-wise modules of the LTE simulator.

Notable modules for LTE simulation

For the LTE subject-based simulations, we can use the following modules of 

• NS2
• NS3
• OMNeT++

The exceeding modules are commonly used in the LTE subjects. These modules are even apt for the other network types to provide effective simulation. Besides the modules, we give the major syntax used to program the LTE simulation.

Chief syntax in LTE simulator

class EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser : public LteEnbPhySapUser

{

public:

  EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser (LteEnbMac* mac);

  // inherited from LteEnbPhySapUser

  virtual void ReceivePhyPdu (Ptr<Packet> p);

  virtual void SubframeIndication (uint32_t frameNo, uint32_t subframeNo);

  virtual void ReceiveLteControlMessage (Ptr<LteControlMessage> msg);

  virtual void ReceiveRachPreamble (uint32_t prachId);

  virtual void UlCqiReport (FfMacSchedSapProvider::SchedUlCqiInfoReqParameters ulcqi);

  virtual void UlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (UlInfoListElement_s params);

  virtual void DlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (DlInfoListElement_s params);

private:

  LteEnbMac* m_mac;

};

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser (LteEnbMac* mac) : m_mac (mac)

{

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::ReceivePhyPdu (Ptr<Packet> p)

{

  m_mac->DoReceivePhyPdu (p);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::SubframeIndication (uint32_t frameNo, uint32_t subframeNo)

{

  m_mac->DoSubframeIndication (frameNo, subframeNo);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::ReceiveLteControlMessage (Ptr<LteControlMessage> msg)

{

  m_mac->DoReceiveLteControlMessage (msg);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::ReceiveRachPreamble (uint32_t prachId)

{

  m_mac->DoReceiveRachPreamble (prachId);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::UlCqiReport (FfMacSchedSapProvider::SchedUlCqiInfoReqParameters ulcqi)

{

  m_mac->DoUlCqiReport (ulcqi);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::UlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (UlInfoListElement_s params)

{

  m_mac->DoUlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (params);

}

void

EnbMacMemberLteEnbPhySapUser::DlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (DlInfoListElement_s params)

{

  m_mac->DoDlInfoListElementHarqFeeback (params);

}

Some Real-time applications

Normal and emergency situation applications in smart grid: it is based on the smart grid LTE process along with the cellular smart grid components of 

• Smart meters (SM)
• Enhanced Smart Meters (eSM)
• eNodeB
• A Telco Network as a medium
• DSO State Estimation and Real-time control
• DSO Monitoring and Operations Center

Wireless multimedia systems applications:

The fundamental function of this application is to generate the data from the media server to transfer the wireless buffer to the base station and simultaneously, the user request on the data will be sent to the same base station. It then schedules the data to allocate the users respectively. This application can be broadly classified into

• Interactive video (ITV)
• Tele cooperation
• Hypermedia application

There is always a wide range of chances available for multimedia applications. But the functions may vary according to the user request over the different data. In addition to the applications, we provide you the list of algorithms in the LTE simulator

Our Best Algorithms in the LTE simulator

BCQI downlink scheduling algorithm: this algorithm provides the best results and it prefers the VoID users in resolving the video traffic and prioritize the other traffics later. The simulation report of this algorithm is based on 

• Improved average throughput in all users
• Increased spectral efficiency development

Channel aware scheduling algorithm: it schedules the process of uplink and downlink in a network.

CQI (Channel Quality Indicator): This algorithm is a kind of scheduling method with the conditions of the best radio link, where this algorithm allots the resource blocks to the users and rise the cell ability at the cost of the equality endpoints of the terminals are far away from the base station because these terminals don’t come for the scheduling process. The scheduling process will be performed as follows

• Terminals sending CQI to the base station
• Transmitting base station signals to terminals via downlink pilot
• Measuring CQI based on signals used by UE 

Important areas in the LTE simulator

• Offloading

The following steps are included in a network for an effective offloading process.

Step 1: Offloading request from the SDN controller to SDN Wi-Fi

Step 2: Attaching request from the SDN Wi-Fi to the UE 

Step 3: Attaching response from the UE to the SDN Wi-Fi

Step 4: Offloading response from the SDN Wi-Fi to the SDN controller

Step 5: Allocating IP address among SDN Wi-Fi and UE 

Step 6: SDN controller handover the session to the Wi-Fi network 

Step 7: SDN controller terminated the request of the eNodeB

• Scheduling 

In the downlink scheduling process in the broadband LTE networks generate the data from the media server to transfer to the wireless buffer to the base station and simultaneously, the user request on the data will be sent to the same base station. It then schedules the data to allocate the users respectively.

• Secure data transmission

In this area, the UE requests the LTE network service by using its allotted IMSI number to the Mobility Management Entity (MME). It then transfers the request to the authentication center to verify the identity of the UE in order to confirm the network service. The authentication message is then stored in the HSS and it sends the message to the UE to activate the LTE service. Along with the major areas, we provide you the important networking process of the LTE simulator.

Major process in LTE simulator

The LTE network enables the user with a high speed of networking and browsing, particularly in mobile networks. It is based on the technologies of UMTS / HSPA and GSM / EDGE. The LTE network can simplify the core to provide higher speed and induced capacity by utilizing various interfaces. 

In the data transmission process of the LTE network, the UE requests the eNodeB by the user interface, to the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the request then passing through the Serving Gateway and the PDN gateway. Here, n sends the user request to the respective IP networks, and the request will be replied to by the server in the form of network service. Besides the major processes, we provide you the significant steps of the LTE network.

Important steps in LTE simulator

To render the simulating results of the average throughputs and the average SINR tables, the channel coding, HARQ simulator with the inputs of channel coding rate, and the resource allocation have to be implemented to run the simulation process. Those elements are got from the output results in terms of each LLR transmitted in bit /average SINR from the MIMO-OFDM physical channel simulator with the help of the parameters like MIMO scheme and correlation, bandwidth, and modulationapplied in the LTE link-level simulator.

The above-mentioned steps are performed under the link-level simulation process. We displayed it because; it is the major networking service we are all using with the LTE network. In addition to the networking steps, we provide you the routing protocols of the LTE simulator

Our finest routing LTE protocols

ZHLS (Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State Routing Protocol): Similar to cellular networks, the entire network will be separated into non-overlapping zones in ZHLS. Each node 

familiar with the node connectivity of its own sector, which does not have any cluster head in the network. There are two levels for routing: 

• Node level  
• Global zone level.  
• Fisheye State Routing (FSR): It uses the fisheye network structure, which decreases the amount of traffic to transfer the updated messages that do not contain information about all nodes but the updated data of neighboring nodes.
• Order One Network Protocol (OONP): It is a computer algorithm communication to send messages among digital radio in a mesh network in a sensibly efficient path. It was considered and endorsed as functioning with wireless mesh networks.  

There are many protocols available in the LTE simulation but the above-mentioned protocols are widely used for our research and experimental purpose. That’s the reason for the high lightening. In addition to the important protocols, we get you to the core purpose, i.e. our suggestion on the research titles as displayed below.

Project Titles in LTE simulator

• We help you to create projects on data transmission process in selected routing with the help of LTE Simulator 

• We help you to create projects on packet transmission and route selection process with the help of LTE Simulator 

• We help you to create projects on the process of sensed packet transmission based on a relay with the help of LTE Simulator 

• We help you to create projects on the packet transmission process with the help of LTE Simulator 

• We help you to create projects on the cluster packet transmission process with the help of LTE Simulator 

According to the various need of the people/users, the network reforming itself day by day. The networking is an endless boon we received for our own convenience, which helps us to stay, connected with our expert team. Knowing the importance of networking, we had chosen this domain to help you progress your academic persuasion, without struggling. We would like to extend our support and guidance at any level of your projects on the LTE network. Not only in LTE network as we providing facilities in other areas of networking if are you interested. So don’t miss this opportunity to choose our service!!

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