Vertical Handover Heterogeneous Network Projects

Vertical Handover Heterogeneous Network Projects envisions in view of the user moving from one point of attachment (PoA) to another in HetNets. To be sure, the vertical Handover that is VHO in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) performs over different types of networks such as WiMax, UMTS, WiFi, and others.

Due to the feature of moving in user devices, it is able to connect anywhere and anytime. But the limit of coverage needs to change network with respect to the device, and so the idea of VHO is here. In general, the HetNet take in access for a variety of protocol and IEEE 802 standards.  

In what way VHO performs?

   Unlike Horizontal, VHO allows handoff between inter-systems. Let us say that a HetNets consists of two networks, such as WLAN and WiFi. At this time, a device in link with WLAN may move away from it, and hence it requests for the new link with WiFi network simulation projects. Later, the past link with WLAN breaks, and then a new link with WiFi launches.

   When more than one networks are there, then the current access point must make a decision on Handover. In light of this, the Vertical Handover Heterogeneous Network Projects operates on the basis of certain parameters. That is to say, the metrics depend on wireless constraints that exist on the network. From our study, we list the handover metrics here below. 

Top-rated metrics to make Handover Decision   

• Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
• Available and also offered bandwidth 
• Quality of Service factor
• Bit error rate and also frame error rate 
• Traffic load at network and transmission power 
• Stability of the connecting link 
• Probability of collision 
• Distance, speed, and also channel status 
• Available resources and energy of the device 
• Number of PoAs and SNR 
• The cost factor and also user preference 

   Above all, any one or more metrics will compute and then compare with the threshold value. After that, it gives the decision for Handover. Still, the static threshold value may not bring good decisions since the network is dynamic, which changes in the values. Hence, it is, of course, able to use adaptive threshold values too.  

Adaptive Threshold Estimation for Vertical Handover 

• Belief and also Renyi 
• Tsallis entropy 
• Shannon and Masi entropy

   In detail, the regain of the link to the new network needs to be proper without any delay; So that it will not subject to high packet loss, low data rate, and so on. In order to improve the performance of HetNets, it is essential to use a good method for Handover. It is not that the metric gives good results; also, the methods need to be better. With this purpose in mind, we give the methods.   

Algorithms for Vertical Handover Heterogeneous Network Projects 

• Analytical hierarchy process with deviation weighting
• FIS-ENN model 
• Improved MADM with SAW and also WOA-NN
• Multi-attribute GA algorithm 
• Fuzzy with a neural network 
• Location and also QoE aware, intelligent HO
• Fuzzy with MPTCP
• Q-learning 
• And many more 

   As a result, it attains a high quality of service as well as the quality of experience. On the other hand, it also needs to ensure security on Handover. Since the increase in threats leads to a high risk of security that all of sudden causes poor use of resources. So that the originality of the user must be true, and then the decision process can handle. 

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